Distribution

Source Distribution

Maturin supports building through pyproject.toml. To use it, create a pyproject.toml next to your Cargo.toml with the following content:

[build-system]
requires = ["maturin>=0.12,<0.13"]
build-backend = "maturin"

If a pyproject.toml with a [build-system] entry is present, maturin will build a source distribution of your package, unless --no-sdist is specified. The source distribution will contain the same files as cargo package. To only build a source distribution, use the maturin sdist command.

You can then e.g. install your package with pip install .. With pip install . -v you can see the output of cargo and maturin.

You can use the options compatibility, skip-auditwheel, bindings, strip, cargo-extra-args and rustc-extra-args under [tool.maturin] the same way you would when running maturin directly. The bindings key is required for cffi and bin projects as those can't be automatically detected. Currently, all builds are in release mode (see this thread for details).

For a non-manylinux build with cffi bindings you could use the following:

[build-system]
requires = ["maturin>=0.12,<0.13"]
build-backend = "maturin"

[tool.maturin]
bindings = "cffi"
compatibility = "linux"

manylinux option is also accepted as an alias of compatibility for backward compatibility with old version of maturin.

To include arbitrary files in the sdist for use during compilation specify sdist-include as an array of globs:

[tool.maturin]
sdist-include = ["path/**/*"]

Build Wheels

For portability reasons, native python modules on linux must only dynamically link a set of very few libraries which are installed basically everywhere, hence the name manylinux. The pypa offers special docker images and a tool called auditwheel to ensure compliance with the manylinux rules. If you want to publish widely usable wheels for linux pypi, you need to use a manylinux docker image or build with zig.

The Rust compiler since version 1.47 requires at least glibc 2.11, so you need to use at least manylinux2010. For publishing, we recommend enforcing the same manylinux version as the image with the manylinux flag, e.g. use --manylinux 2014 if you are building in quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64. The messense/maturin-action github action already takes care of this if you set e.g. manylinux: 2014.

maturin contains a reimplementation of auditwheel automatically checks the generated library and gives the wheel the proper platform tag.

  • If your system's glibc is too new, it will assign the linux tag.
  • If you link other shared libraries, maturin will try to bundle them within the wheel, note that this requires patchelf, it can be installed along with maturin from PyPI: pip install maturin[patchelf].

You can also manually disable those checks and directly use native linux target with --manylinux off.

For full manylinux compliance you need to compile in a CentOS docker container. The pyo3/maturin image is based on the manylinux2010 image, and passes arguments to the maturin binary. You can use it like this:

docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/io ghcr.io/pyo3/maturin build --release  # or other maturin arguments

Note that this image is very basic and only contains python, maturin and stable Rust. If you need additional tools, you can run commands inside the manylinux container. See konstin/complex-manylinux-maturin-docker for a small educational example or nanoporetech/fast-ctc-decode for a real world setup.

USAGE:
    maturin build [OPTIONS]

OPTIONS:
    -b, --bindings <BINDINGS>
            Which kind of bindings to use. Possible values are pyo3, rust-cpython, cffi and bin

        --cargo-extra-args <CARGO_EXTRA_ARGS>
            Extra arguments that will be passed to cargo as `cargo rustc [...] [arg1] [arg2] --
            [...]`

            Use as `--cargo-extra-args="--my-arg"`

            Note that maturin invokes cargo twice: Once as `cargo metadata` and then as `cargo
            rustc`. maturin tries to pass only the shared subset of options to cargo metadata, but
            this is may be a bit flaky.

        --compatibility <compatibility>
            Control the platform tag on linux.

            Options are `manylinux` tags (for example `manylinux2014`/`manylinux_2_24`) or
            `musllinux` tags (for example `musllinux_1_2`) and `linux` for the native linux tag.

            Note that `manylinux1` is unsupported by the rust compiler. Wheels with the native
            `linux` tag will be rejected by pypi, unless they are separately validated by
            `auditwheel`.

            The default is the lowest compatible `manylinux` tag, or plain `linux` if nothing
            matched

            This option is ignored on all non-linux platforms

    -h, --help
            Print help information

    -i, --interpreter <INTERPRETER>
            The python versions to build wheels for, given as the names of the interpreters. Uses
            autodiscovery if not explicitly set

    -m, --manifest-path <PATH>
            The path to the Cargo.toml

        --no-sdist
            Don't build a source distribution

    -o, --out <OUT>
            The directory to store the built wheels in. Defaults to a new "wheels" directory in the
            project's target directory

        --release
            Pass --release to cargo

        --rustc-extra-args <RUSTC_EXTRA_ARGS>
            Extra arguments that will be passed to rustc as `cargo rustc [...] -- [...] [arg1]
            [arg2]`

            Use as `--rustc-extra-args="--my-arg"`

        --skip-auditwheel
            Don't check for manylinux compliance

        --strip
            Strip the library for minimum file size

        --target <TRIPLE>
            The --target option for cargo

            [env: CARGO_BUILD_TARGET=]

        --universal2
            Control whether to build universal2 wheel for macOS or not. Only applies to macOS
            targets, do nothing otherwise

        --zig
            For manylinux targets, use zig to ensure compliance for the chosen manylinux version

            Default to manylinux2010/manylinux_2_12 if you do not specify an `--compatibility`

            Make sure you installed zig with `pip install maturin[zig]`

Cross Compiling

Maturin has decent cross compilation support for pyo3 and bin bindings, other kind of bindings may work but aren't tested regularly.

Use Docker

For manylinux support the manylinux-cross docker images can be used. And maturin-action makes it easy to do cross compilation on GitHub Actions.

Use Zig

Since v0.12.7 maturin added support for linking with zig cc, compile for Linux works and is regularly tested on CI, other platforms may also work but aren't tested regularly.

You can install zig following the official documentation, or install it from PyPI via pip install ziglang. Then pass --zig to maturin build or publish commands to use it, for example

maturin build --release --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu --zig